Types of Broadcasting and Frequency Ranges.

Broadcasting (In Communication) refers to transmission of information (message signal)audio and video and text electronically to large number of audience through radio wave, wires or communication satellites and then to received it by the television set or radio receivers module (demodulator )

Types of broadcast system:

1. Teletext: This is the system that adds the data in to the blanking interval of an analog television signal. It has been developed in the 1970’s to relay information like weather, news and television programmed guides.

2. AM broadcasting: Amplitude Modulation or AM refers to long, medium and shortwaves signal that can travel across the earth for worldwide broadcast services.

3. Analog FM Broadcasting: Another audio broadcast system that delivers much better quality compared to AM radio.

4. Digital Broadcast system: Digitalizing of the radio and television broadcasting network had become a milestone. In the broadcasting world. Digital Radio Mondale (DRM) and digital audio Broadcasting system are just few examples. This can’t only improve audio and visual services but also enable multimedia services and navigation and monitoring roads through the use of satellite and terrestrial signals.

Before we go to satellite Broadcasting Let us go through Radio Frequency and its allocation the is a standard term according to higher and lower frequency range.

L Band (1-2 GHz): Global Positioning system carriers and also satellites, mobiles phones such as iridium, Inmarsat providing communication at sea, land and air world space satellite radio.

S-Band (2-4 GHz): Weather radar, surface ship radar, and some communication satellites, especially those of NASA for communication with ISS and space shuttle. In May 2009, Inmarsat and Solaris mobile (a joint venture between Eutelsat and Astra) were awarded each a2*15 MHz portion of the s-band by the European commission.

C Band (4-8 MHz): Primarily used for satellite communication for full time satellite TV Networks or raw satellite feeds. Commonly used in area that are subject to tropical rainfall, since it is less susceptible to rain fade than Ku band.

X –Band (8-12MHz): Primarily used by military. Used in radar application including continuous wave pulsed, single-polarization, dual-polarization-band radar frequency sub bands are used in Civil, military and government institution for weather monitoring, air traffic control maritime vessel traffic control, defense tracking and vehicle speed.

Ku Band (12-18 GHz): Use for satellite communication especially for DTH on some part for the down link 10.7 GHz to 12.75 GHz for direct broadcast satellite service.

Ka Band (26-40 GHz): Communication satellites, up-link in both 27.5GHz and 31 GHz band, and high resolution close range targeting on military crafting.